CEDRIG облегченный
Файл PDFCambodian Horticulture Project Advancing Income and Nutrition (CHAIN) phase 3
Обзор
Информация общего характера
Автор
Moritz Krüger
Последнее обновление
June 2021г.
Общая цель
Promotion of horticulture value chains in Preah Vihear, Stung Treng, Kratie and Oddar Meanchey provinces, with a strong focus on women and delivering sustainable income growth and improved household food security and resilience
Страна
- Камбоджа
Бюджет
CHF 1.900.000
Продолжительность
01.01.2021 - 31.12.2022
Аннотация
Описание
In Cambodia, more than 20 % of the rural poor suffer from food insecurity. The increasing market demand for safe vegetable and fruits provides a huge opportunity for small holder farmers and processors, in particular women to increase income and food security. The Cambodia Horticulture Advancing Income and Nutrition (CHAIN) project supports farmers in increasing sustainable production, income and resilience in four of the poorest provinces of Cambodia - Kratie, Stung Treng, Preah Vihear and Oddar Manchey. With the particular focus on the fruits and vegetables sector, CHAIN tackles market system constraints to improve the service delivery to poor farmers households, women headed households and ethnic minorities. CHAIN will support smallholder farmers to diversify into growing fruit and vegetables through the introduction of smart horticultural techniques ,water saving , and market linkages required to generate much-needed additional income, and it will also address poor household nutrition by introducing diversification of diets.
Ключевые слова
- agriculture and food security
Сектора, требующие оперативного вмешательства
- Сельское хозяйство
- Продовольственная безопасность
- Развитие сельских районов
- Управление водными ресурсами
- Другое
- Vegetables Production
- Marketing
Документы
Изображения
-
Open home garden in Kratie province -
Farmers group planning -
Round Year vegetables production in Plastic Net
Логотипы
Факторы риска
Угрозы, возникающие в результате ухудшения состояния окружающей среды
Название угрозы
Обезлесивание
Подверженность
Да
Последствие
Alteration of hydrological cycle and micro-climate, reduced water availability
Описание последствия
The changed hydrological cycle has increased the frequency of both floods and droughts.
Степень вероятности
Весьма вероятно
Масштаб
Чрезвычайно большой ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Название угрозы
Вредители и эпидемии
Подверженность
Да
Комментарии
locust, rats, flea beetle larvae
Последствие
loss of income and crop production
Описание последствия
Invasion of flea beetle larvae (Chrysomelidae: Alticini), which leads to a severe destruction of vegetables, especially root and leaf vegetables. Occurrence increased in the past 3-4 years.
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Средний уровень риска
Название угрозы
Загрязнение вод (поверхностных и подземных)
Подверженность
Да
Комментарии
In 2018, warm army destroyed over than 10,000 ha of corn plantation. Water pollution is concern recently in Cambodia
Последствие
loss of fishery resources and income
Описание последствия
Seasonal, severe invasion of Mekong river by a fist-thick layer of algae/aquatic plants which completely disrupt the normal fishing activities. This phenomenon started recently (around 2010-2012) and is observed in its maximum extension since a couple of years only.
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Средний уровень риска
Природные угрозы (гидрометеорологические и геологические)
Название угрозы
Аномально высокая температура
Подверженность
Да
Комментарии
Heat wave in 2016 destroyed many plots of vegetables farms . In 2016, People have to buy drinking water, the prices of water has almost three times increased
Последствие
higher freshwater demand for people and livestock. The level of water in many rivers are very low
Описание последствия
People and animal get sick . Farmers earned less income
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Небольшой ущерб
Уровень риска
Низкий уровень риска
Последствие
slower and reduced labour work
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Небольшой ущерб
Уровень риска
Низкий уровень риска
Последствие
Heatstroke in particular for elderly and children
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Средний уровень риска
Название угрозы
Засуха
Подверженность
Да
Комментарии
In 2019 and 2020, most of water ponds were dried up, water level in many river are very low in historical and ground water level are dept. Deforestation reduce groundwater recharge, and increase evaporation and water demand during dry/hot season.
Последствие
reduced water availability
Описание последствия
Reduced water availability for household consumption and agriculture, particularly of paddy rice, cassava, rubber, and maize.
Степень вероятности
Весьма вероятно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Последствие
loss of crop production & income
Описание последствия
Partially severe economic losses (also due to the lack of business continuity planning) for rice and vegetable farmers. Households with limited to no savings are left to buy seeds for next season or drinking water. Impacts from strong droughts may be felt for up to 2 years. As a result of low coping mechanisms, some communities may not recover from such loss.
Степень вероятности
Весьма вероятно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Последствие
long-term immigration
Описание последствия
migration occurs in various forms, both part-time and permanently, to urban areas, neighbouring countries or provinces
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Чрезвычайно большой ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Название угрозы
Наводнения, внезапные паводки
Подверженность
Да
Комментарии
Flash flood in 2019, have destroyed some houses and many vegetables farms were washed away. Dam broken in Laos in 2018 destoyed hundreds of houses in two provinces. Many people were evacuated.
Последствие
loss of crop production & income
Описание последствия
Long-lasting episodes with too much rain cause rotting of rice plants & vegetables during rainy season. The existing drainage and irrigation practices used by communities are largely insufficient to ensure the survival of crops and seeds during and after intense rain episodes followed by severe droughts.
Степень вероятности
Весьма вероятно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Последствие
destruction of houses & infrastructure, disruption of market access
Степень вероятности
Весьма вероятно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Название угрозы
Бури, торнадо, ураганы, сильный ветер, пылевые бури
Подверженность
Да
Комментарии
Seasonal storms and strong winds destroyed over than 1000 houses and thousands of trees. Lightening killed animals and people
Последствие
Damage to houses and buildings.
Описание последствия
Destruction of light agricultural infrastructure (bamboo scaffolding, nets etc.), damage to houses and critical roads/bridges. Storms and strong winds are observed more frequently in past years. Impacts are rather local.
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Небольшой ущерб
Уровень риска
Низкий уровень риска
Угрозы, возникающие в результате изменения климата (и изменчивости климата)
Название угрозы
Общие тенденции к повышению или снижению среднегодовых температур
Подверженность
Не уверен
Комментарии
higher mean annual temperature +5-10% (rel. term)
Последствие
higher water demand for people, livestock and agriculture
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Средний уровень риска
Последствие
decrease of crop productivity
Описание последствия
Decrease in suitability in the production of paddy rice, (++) cassava (++), soya (+), maize (+), rubber (+), and in livestock rearing (+).
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Средний уровень риска
Последствие
diminishing of groundwater resources
Степень вероятности
Весьма вероятно
Масштаб
Средний ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Название угрозы
Изменение частоты и интенсивности экстремальных климатических событий и взаимосвязанных стихийных бедствий (например, периодов экстремально высокой или низкой температуры, наводнений, засух, бурь, ураганов и циклонов)
Подверженность
Да
Комментарии
higher frequency and unpredictability of high rainfall events
Последствие
loss of crop production due to non-timely sowing and planting (traditional knowledge is no longer applicable)
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Чрезвычайно большой ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Последствие
Higher irregularity of the rainy season
Описание последствия
Earlier onset of the hot season and prolonged duration. Shortened rainy season. A new sequence of flood-drought-flood episodes is observed during the rainy season: flood episode in June-July (too much rain) followed by drought in August (no rain at all), immediately followed by flood situation Aug-Sept (too much rain). This lead to higher demand for adequate early warning systems. Rain was delayed in 2019 and 2020, started only in mid of June.
Степень вероятности
Возможно
Масштаб
Чрезвычайно большой ущерб
Уровень риска
Высокий уровень риска
Нужна ли углубленная оценка риска?
Воздействие
Оцените воздействие на окружающую среду
Природоохранная сфера
Вода
Компонент мероприятия
Capacity building of farmers and processors for increased sustainable production, including year-round production and performance
Воздействие на окружающую среду
Higher agricultural performance and year-round production will increase the demand for water resources.
Оцените воздействие на риски стихийных бедствий
Компонент мероприятия
Improved income and productivity of smallholder horticulture
Усилившийся или вновь возникший риск
More cycles of horticulture production may put pressure on the already stressed water resources in some places even more in some places. An integrated water resources management, based on surface & groundwater is needed, not to exacerbate the risk of future droughts.
Оцените воздействие на изменение климата
Компонент мероприятия
None
Комментарии
Massive deforestation in Cambodia is highly likely to be the root cause of the devastating change in the observed rainfall pattern. It is caused by legal (attribution of land concession to foreign companies, building of roads in forested area, etc…) and illegal logging.