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Cambodian Horticulture Project Advancing Income and Nutrition (CHAIN) Phase I

Resumen

Información general

Autor

Moritz Krüger

Última actualización

Noviembre 2020

Objetivo general

Promotion of horticulture value chains in Preah Vihear, Stung Treng, Kratie and Oddar Meanchey provinces, with a strong focus on women and delivering sustainable income growth and improved household food security and resilience

País

Camboya

Presupuesto

CHF 4.000.000

Duración

01.12.2014 - 30.11.2017 (Phase I)

Resumen

Descripción

In Cambodia, more than 40 % of the rural poor suffer from food insecurity. The increasing market demand for vegetable and fruits provides a huge opportunity for small holder farmers and processors, in particular women to increase income and food security. The Cambodia Horticulture Advancing Income and Nutrition (CHAIN) project supports farmers and processors in increasing sustainable production, income and resilience in four of the poorest provinces of Cambodia - Kratie, Stung Treng, Preah Vihear and Oddar Manchey. With the particular focus on the fruits and vegetables sector, CHAIN tackles market system constraints to improve the service delivery to poor farmers households, women headed households and ethnic minorities. CHAIN will support smallholder farmers to diversify into growing fruit and vegetables through the introduction of modern horticultural techniques and market linkages required to generate much-needed additional income, and it will also address poor household nutrition by supporting a diversification of diets.

Términos clave

agriculture and food security

Sectores de Intervención

Agricultura
Seguridad alimentaria
Desarrollo rural
Gestión del agua

Documentos

Imágenes

Water access and efficiency: examTraining of Trainers in Preah Vihear on agricultural practicesples for water storage and distribution
Training of Trainers in Preah Vihear on agricultural practices
Training of Trainers in Kratie on agricultural practices
Army worm outbreak in Preah Vihear

Logos

Perspectiva del riesgo

Amenazas que se producen debido a la degradación del medioambiente

Nombre de la amenaza

Plagas y epidemias

Consecuencia

Loss of income and crop production

Descripción de la consecuencia

The invasion of flea beetle larvae (Chrysomelidae: Alticini) leads to a severe destruction of vegetables, especially root and leaf vegetables. Flea beetles execute their most severe attacks during dry weather and are most active on sunny days. Occurrence increased in the past 3-4 years.

Grado

Perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Increased pressure on smallholder farmers and income, loss in crop and vegetable production, low means of savings, limited knowledge of mitigation measures.

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo medio

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí

Posible medida Training of trainers and smallholder farmer groups on Integrated Pest Management (IPM), validated IPM technologies and vegetable varieties.

Comentarios Smallholder farmers have poor knowledge of adequate and integrated pest control (biological, eco-friendly measures). Overuse of chemical pesticides is a risk.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Posible medida Promote policy development on (bio)pesticides and other applicable technologies.

Comentarios Training of trainers and workshops / policy advocacy on IPM regulations.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Amenazas naturales (hidrometeorológicas y geológicas)

Nombre de la amenaza

Crecidas repentinas, inundaciones

Consecuencia

Destruction of crops and vegetables, loss of income

Descripción de la consecuencia

Weather patterns are increasingly unpredictable: increased heavy rainfall, flooding, unpredictable start of the rainy season. Long-lasting episodes with too much rain cause rotting of rice plants & vegetables during rainy season. The existing drainage and irrigation practices used by communities are largely insufficient to ensure the survival of crops and seeds during and after intense rain episodes followed by severe droughts. No sufficient early warning system is in place, neither for households nor for the agricultural sector. Current weather forecasts and traditional knowledge have proven inaccurate and unreliable.

Grado

Perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Communities' coping mechanisms are overwhelmed. Frequent (often annual) and often complete loss of crop production.

Probabilidad

Muy probable

Importancia

Riesgo alto

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí

Posible medida Implement a flood early warning system (EWS)

Comentarios Installation of automated river gauges and design of a mobile-phone early warning system (sms, voice message) freely and publicly accessible, in cooperation with national/provincial authorities.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Posible medida Improve drainage capacities in high flood risk areas

Comentarios Communities lack technical knowledge and financial resources to develop adequate and efficient irrigation and drainage systems. Highly localized variations in exact needs. Responsibility is with the Provincial authorities (PDWRAM).

Posible medida Adaptation of agricultural practices at farmers level

Comentarios Raised vegetable beds, improved access to water (wells, ponds, climate-smart technologies incl. pumps, rainwater harvesting), mulching, early maturing varieties, protected nurseries.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Nombre de la amenaza

Sequias

Consecuencia

Destruction of crops and vegetables, loss of income

Descripción de la consecuencia

Higher irregularity of the rainy/dry seasons: earlier onset of the hot season, prolonged duration of the dry season, and shortened rainy season.

Grado

Sumamente perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Communities' coping mechanisms are overwhelmed. Loss of crop production due to disruption of the traditional planting-replanting-harvesting cycle. Traditional knowledge is no longer applicable.

Probabilidad

Muy probable

Importancia

Riesgo alto

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí

Posible medida Training to smallholder farmers and vegetables farmer groups on climate-smart technologies and DRR

Comentarios Identify suitable solutions & technologies on water access, storage and distribution according to local conditions (farmers' needs, retailers, soil and geology). Train farmers on suitable technologies and agricultural practices adapted to a changing climate, e.g. mulching, irrigation, water-efficient crops, wind erosion, solar coverage, seed variety demonstrations, seeds/crops more resistant to floods and droughts.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Posible medida Risk transfer mechanisms

Comentarios Some farmer groups have saving components. Small to medium insurance businesses are entering Northern Cambodia only slowly due to little economic interest (yet).

Consecuencia

Long-term lack of water availability

Descripción de la consecuencia

Water scarcity and droughts are relatively new in the project area (tropical Aw climate). Water resources are used without regulation. Available water resources are inadequately monitored or unknown. Groundwater levels are declining at an estimated rate of 20cm/year, but no consistent water resources monitoring is in place.

Grado

Sumamente perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Agricultural sector and smallholder farmers are already not prepared to droughts or water scarcity. Further water usage by the growing agricultural sector will put more pressure on water resources and aggravate the situation.

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo alto

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí

Posible medida Implement a groundwater monitoring and drought warning system

Comentarios Installation of groundwater monitoring gauges, and develop drought trigger points. Provide warnings and recommendations on timely planting and harvesting to agricultural actors according to current/projected water availability.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Posible medida Develop an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)

Comentarios Training IWRM principles & give recommendations to various provincial authorities on watershed development planning, aquifer characteristics and recharge and maximum water abstraction rates.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Amenazas que se producen debido al cambio climático (y la variabilidad del clima)

Perspectiva del impacto

Impacto negativo en el medioambiente

Componente del proyecto

Commercial and homestead producers and processors increase productivity (incl. year-round production)

Posible impacto negativo

Increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Importancia Farmers struggle to manage insect infestations and often rely on chemical pesticides. Lack of knowledge and wrong perceptions about pesticides, underestimation of the health risks and easy access to illegal and hazardous chemical pesticides persist. Enforcement of pesticide regulations is still expected weak.

Impacto seleccionado

Sí

Posible medida Promote the use of organic fertilizers and pesticides, etc., and judicious use of chemicals when no other solutions are available.

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Posible impacto negativo

Increased use of (ground)water resources

Importancia Water is the mayor obstacle to produce more cycles of crops and to intensify production. Access to water and the use of appropriate water storage and distribution technologies are critical to commercial vegetable farming, as it allows farmers to continue production at times of high demand and higher prices.

Impacto seleccionado

Sí

Posible medida Market-based introduction of drought-resistant crop varieties and technologies to increase water use efficiency

Comentarios Promote water access (wells, ponds, pumps, rainwater harvesting), increase crop per drop by mulching, drought resistant varieties, and collaborate with private sector to develop a market-system for affordable water solutions.

Medida seleccionada

Sí