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Informe PDFCambodian Horticulture Project Advancing Income and Nutrition (CHAIN) phase 3
Resumen
Información general
Autor
Moritz Krüger
Última actualización
Junio 2021
Objetivo general
Promotion of horticulture value chains in Preah Vihear, Stung Treng, Kratie and Oddar Meanchey provinces, with a strong focus on women and delivering sustainable income growth and improved household food security and resilience
País
- Camboya
Presupuesto
CHF 1.900.000
Duración
01.01.2021 - 31.12.2022
Resumen
Descripción
In Cambodia, more than 20 % of the rural poor suffer from food insecurity. The increasing market demand for safe vegetable and fruits provides a huge opportunity for small holder farmers and processors, in particular women to increase income and food security. The Cambodia Horticulture Advancing Income and Nutrition (CHAIN) project supports farmers in increasing sustainable production, income and resilience in four of the poorest provinces of Cambodia - Kratie, Stung Treng, Preah Vihear and Oddar Manchey. With the particular focus on the fruits and vegetables sector, CHAIN tackles market system constraints to improve the service delivery to poor farmers households, women headed households and ethnic minorities. CHAIN will support smallholder farmers to diversify into growing fruit and vegetables through the introduction of smart horticultural techniques ,water saving , and market linkages required to generate much-needed additional income, and it will also address poor household nutrition by introducing diversification of diets.
Términos clave
- agriculture and food security
Sectores de Intervención
- Agricultura
- Seguridad alimentaria
- Desarrollo rural
- Gestión del agua
- Otros
- Vegetables Production
- Marketing
Documentos
Imágenes
-
Open home garden in Kratie province -
Farmers group planning -
Round Year vegetables production in Plastic Net
Logos
Perspectiva del riesgo
Amenazas que se producen debido a la degradación del medioambiente
Nombre de la amenaza
Deforestación
Exposición
Sí
Consecuencia
Alteration of hydrological cycle and micro-climate, reduced water availability
Descripción de la consecuencia
The changed hydrological cycle has increased the frequency of both floods and droughts.
Probabilidad
Muy probable
Alcance
Sumamente perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
Nombre de la amenaza
Plagas y epidemias
Exposición
Sí
Comentarios
locust, rats, flea beetle larvae
Consecuencia
loss of income and crop production
Descripción de la consecuencia
Invasion of flea beetle larvae (Chrysomelidae: Alticini), which leads to a severe destruction of vegetables, especially root and leaf vegetables. Occurrence increased in the past 3-4 years.
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo medio
Nombre de la amenaza
Contaminación del agua (superficiales y subterráneas)
Exposición
Sí
Comentarios
In 2018, warm army destroyed over than 10,000 ha of corn plantation. Water pollution is concern recently in Cambodia
Consecuencia
loss of fishery resources and income
Descripción de la consecuencia
Seasonal, severe invasion of Mekong river by a fist-thick layer of algae/aquatic plants which completely disrupt the normal fishing activities. This phenomenon started recently (around 2010-2012) and is observed in its maximum extension since a couple of years only.
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo medio
Amenazas naturales (hidrometeorológicas y geológicas)
Nombre de la amenaza
Olas de calor
Exposición
Sí
Comentarios
Heat wave in 2016 destroyed many plots of vegetables farms . In 2016, People have to buy drinking water, the prices of water has almost three times increased
Consecuencia
higher freshwater demand for people and livestock. The level of water in many rivers are very low
Descripción de la consecuencia
People and animal get sick . Farmers earned less income
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Ligeramente perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo bajo
Consecuencia
slower and reduced labour work
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Ligeramente perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo bajo
Consecuencia
Heatstroke in particular for elderly and children
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo medio
Nombre de la amenaza
Sequias
Exposición
Sí
Comentarios
In 2019 and 2020, most of water ponds were dried up, water level in many river are very low in historical and ground water level are dept. Deforestation reduce groundwater recharge, and increase evaporation and water demand during dry/hot season.
Consecuencia
reduced water availability
Descripción de la consecuencia
Reduced water availability for household consumption and agriculture, particularly of paddy rice, cassava, rubber, and maize.
Probabilidad
Muy probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
Consecuencia
loss of crop production & income
Descripción de la consecuencia
Partially severe economic losses (also due to the lack of business continuity planning) for rice and vegetable farmers. Households with limited to no savings are left to buy seeds for next season or drinking water. Impacts from strong droughts may be felt for up to 2 years. As a result of low coping mechanisms, some communities may not recover from such loss.
Probabilidad
Muy probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
Consecuencia
long-term immigration
Descripción de la consecuencia
migration occurs in various forms, both part-time and permanently, to urban areas, neighbouring countries or provinces
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Sumamente perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
Nombre de la amenaza
Crecidas repentinas, inundaciones
Exposición
Sí
Comentarios
Flash flood in 2019, have destroyed some houses and many vegetables farms were washed away. Dam broken in Laos in 2018 destoyed hundreds of houses in two provinces. Many people were evacuated.
Consecuencia
loss of crop production & income
Descripción de la consecuencia
Long-lasting episodes with too much rain cause rotting of rice plants & vegetables during rainy season. The existing drainage and irrigation practices used by communities are largely insufficient to ensure the survival of crops and seeds during and after intense rain episodes followed by severe droughts.
Probabilidad
Muy probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
Consecuencia
destruction of houses & infrastructure, disruption of market access
Probabilidad
Muy probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
Nombre de la amenaza
Tormentas, tornados y/o huracanes, vientos fuertes, tormentas de arena
Exposición
Sí
Comentarios
Seasonal storms and strong winds destroyed over than 1000 houses and thousands of trees. Lightening killed animals and people
Consecuencia
Damage to houses and buildings.
Descripción de la consecuencia
Destruction of light agricultural infrastructure (bamboo scaffolding, nets etc.), damage to houses and critical roads/bridges. Storms and strong winds are observed more frequently in past years. Impacts are rather local.
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Ligeramente perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo bajo
Amenazas que se producen debido al cambio climático (y la variabilidad del clima)
Nombre de la amenaza
Tendencia general al aumento o disminución de la temperatura media
Exposición
No está claro
Comentarios
higher mean annual temperature +5-10% (rel. term)
Consecuencia
higher water demand for people, livestock and agriculture
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo medio
Consecuencia
decrease of crop productivity
Descripción de la consecuencia
Decrease in suitability in the production of paddy rice, (++) cassava (++), soya (+), maize (+), rubber (+), and in livestock rearing (+).
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo medio
Consecuencia
diminishing of groundwater resources
Probabilidad
Muy probable
Alcance
Perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
Nombre de la amenaza
Cambios de frecuencia e intensidad de los fenómenos climáticos extremos y desastres relacionados (p.ej. olas de frío y calor, inundaciones, sequías, tormentas, huracanes, ciclones)
Exposición
Sí
Comentarios
higher frequency and unpredictability of high rainfall events
Consecuencia
loss of crop production due to non-timely sowing and planting (traditional knowledge is no longer applicable)
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Sumamente perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
Consecuencia
Higher irregularity of the rainy season
Descripción de la consecuencia
Earlier onset of the hot season and prolonged duration. Shortened rainy season. A new sequence of flood-drought-flood episodes is observed during the rainy season: flood episode in June-July (too much rain) followed by drought in August (no rain at all), immediately followed by flood situation Aug-Sept (too much rain). This lead to higher demand for adequate early warning systems. Rain was delayed in 2019 and 2020, started only in mid of June.
Probabilidad
Probable
Alcance
Sumamente perjudicial
Importancia del riesgo
Riesgo alto
¿Evaluación detallada de riesgos necesaria?
Perspectiva del impacto
Calcule el impacto en el medioambiente
Área medioambiental
Agua
Componente de la actividad
Capacity building of farmers and processors for increased sustainable production, including year-round production and performance
Impacto sobre el medioambiente
Higher agricultural performance and year-round production will increase the demand for water resources.
Estime el impacto en los riesgos de desastres
Componente de la actividad
Improved income and productivity of smallholder horticulture
Nuevo riesgo o riesgo agravado
More cycles of horticulture production may put pressure on the already stressed water resources in some places even more in some places. An integrated water resources management, based on surface & groundwater is needed, not to exacerbate the risk of future droughts.
Calcule el impacto en el cambio climático
Componente de la actividad
None
Comentarios
Massive deforestation in Cambodia is highly likely to be the root cause of the devastating change in the observed rainfall pattern. It is caused by legal (attribution of land concession to foreign companies, building of roads in forested area, etc…) and illegal logging.