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Rapport PDFCambodian Horticulture Project Advancing Income and Nutrition (CHAIN) phase 3
Vue d'ensemble
Informations Générales
Auteur
Moritz Krüger
Dernière mise à jour
juin 2021
Objectif général
Promotion of horticulture value chains in Preah Vihear, Stung Treng, Kratie and Oddar Meanchey provinces, with a strong focus on women and delivering sustainable income growth and improved household food security and resilience
Pays
- Cambodge
Budget
CHF 1.900.000
Durée de l’activité
01.01.2021 - 31.12.2022
Sommaire
Description
In Cambodia, more than 20 % of the rural poor suffer from food insecurity. The increasing market demand for safe vegetable and fruits provides a huge opportunity for small holder farmers and processors, in particular women to increase income and food security. The Cambodia Horticulture Advancing Income and Nutrition (CHAIN) project supports farmers in increasing sustainable production, income and resilience in four of the poorest provinces of Cambodia - Kratie, Stung Treng, Preah Vihear and Oddar Manchey. With the particular focus on the fruits and vegetables sector, CHAIN tackles market system constraints to improve the service delivery to poor farmers households, women headed households and ethnic minorities. CHAIN will support smallholder farmers to diversify into growing fruit and vegetables through the introduction of smart horticultural techniques ,water saving , and market linkages required to generate much-needed additional income, and it will also address poor household nutrition by introducing diversification of diets.
Termes clés
- agriculture and food security
Secteurs d’intervention
- Agriculture
- Sécurité alimentaire
- Développement rural
- Gestion de l’eau
- Vegetables Production
- Marketing
Documents
Images
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Open home garden in Kratie province -
Farmers group planning -
Round Year vegetables production in Plastic Net
Logos
Perspective des risques
Aléas dûs à la dégradation de l’environnement
Nom de l'aléa
Déforestation
Exposition
Oui
Conséquence
Alteration of hydrological cycle and micro-climate, reduced water availability
Description de la conséquence
The changed hydrological cycle has increased the frequency of both floods and droughts.
Probabilité
Très probable
Gravité
Très nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Nom de l'aléa
Nuisibles et épidémies
Exposition
Oui
Commentaires
locust, rats, flea beetle larvae
Conséquence
loss of income and crop production
Description de la conséquence
Invasion of flea beetle larvae (Chrysomelidae: Alticini), which leads to a severe destruction of vegetables, especially root and leaf vegetables. Occurrence increased in the past 3-4 years.
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque moyen
Nom de l'aléa
Pollution de l’eau (en surface et souterraine)
Exposition
Oui
Commentaires
In 2018, warm army destroyed over than 10,000 ha of corn plantation. Water pollution is concern recently in Cambodia
Conséquence
loss of fishery resources and income
Description de la conséquence
Seasonal, severe invasion of Mekong river by a fist-thick layer of algae/aquatic plants which completely disrupt the normal fishing activities. This phenomenon started recently (around 2010-2012) and is observed in its maximum extension since a couple of years only.
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque moyen
Aléas naturels (hydro-météorologiques et géologiques)
Nom de l'aléa
Vagues de chaleur
Exposition
Oui
Commentaires
Heat wave in 2016 destroyed many plots of vegetables farms . In 2016, People have to buy drinking water, the prices of water has almost three times increased
Conséquence
higher freshwater demand for people and livestock. The level of water in many rivers are very low
Description de la conséquence
People and animal get sick . Farmers earned less income
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Peu nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque faible
Conséquence
slower and reduced labour work
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Peu nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque faible
Conséquence
Heatstroke in particular for elderly and children
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque moyen
Nom de l'aléa
Sécheresses
Exposition
Oui
Commentaires
In 2019 and 2020, most of water ponds were dried up, water level in many river are very low in historical and ground water level are dept. Deforestation reduce groundwater recharge, and increase evaporation and water demand during dry/hot season.
Conséquence
reduced water availability
Description de la conséquence
Reduced water availability for household consumption and agriculture, particularly of paddy rice, cassava, rubber, and maize.
Probabilité
Très probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Conséquence
loss of crop production & income
Description de la conséquence
Partially severe economic losses (also due to the lack of business continuity planning) for rice and vegetable farmers. Households with limited to no savings are left to buy seeds for next season or drinking water. Impacts from strong droughts may be felt for up to 2 years. As a result of low coping mechanisms, some communities may not recover from such loss.
Probabilité
Très probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Conséquence
long-term immigration
Description de la conséquence
migration occurs in various forms, both part-time and permanently, to urban areas, neighbouring countries or provinces
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Très nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Nom de l'aléa
Inondations
Exposition
Oui
Commentaires
Flash flood in 2019, have destroyed some houses and many vegetables farms were washed away. Dam broken in Laos in 2018 destoyed hundreds of houses in two provinces. Many people were evacuated.
Conséquence
loss of crop production & income
Description de la conséquence
Long-lasting episodes with too much rain cause rotting of rice plants & vegetables during rainy season. The existing drainage and irrigation practices used by communities are largely insufficient to ensure the survival of crops and seeds during and after intense rain episodes followed by severe droughts.
Probabilité
Très probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Conséquence
destruction of houses & infrastructure, disruption of market access
Probabilité
Très probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Nom de l'aléa
Tempêtes, tornades et/ou ouragans, vents forts, tempêtes de sable
Exposition
Oui
Commentaires
Seasonal storms and strong winds destroyed over than 1000 houses and thousands of trees. Lightening killed animals and people
Conséquence
Damage to houses and buildings.
Description de la conséquence
Destruction of light agricultural infrastructure (bamboo scaffolding, nets etc.), damage to houses and critical roads/bridges. Storms and strong winds are observed more frequently in past years. Impacts are rather local.
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Peu nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque faible
Aléas dûs aux changements climatiques (et à la variabilité du climat)
Nom de l'aléa
Tendances générales à l’augmentation ou à la diminution des températures moyennes
Exposition
Pas sûr
Commentaires
higher mean annual temperature +5-10% (rel. term)
Conséquence
higher water demand for people, livestock and agriculture
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque moyen
Conséquence
decrease of crop productivity
Description de la conséquence
Decrease in suitability in the production of paddy rice, (++) cassava (++), soya (+), maize (+), rubber (+), and in livestock rearing (+).
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque moyen
Conséquence
diminishing of groundwater resources
Probabilité
Très probable
Gravité
Nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Nom de l'aléa
Changements dans la fréquence et l’intensité des phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes (ex : vagues de froid ou de chaleur, inondations, sécheresses, tempêtes, ouragans, cyclones)
Exposition
Oui
Commentaires
higher frequency and unpredictability of high rainfall events
Conséquence
loss of crop production due to non-timely sowing and planting (traditional knowledge is no longer applicable)
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Très nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Conséquence
Higher irregularity of the rainy season
Description de la conséquence
Earlier onset of the hot season and prolonged duration. Shortened rainy season. A new sequence of flood-drought-flood episodes is observed during the rainy season: flood episode in June-July (too much rain) followed by drought in August (no rain at all), immediately followed by flood situation Aug-Sept (too much rain). This lead to higher demand for adequate early warning systems. Rain was delayed in 2019 and 2020, started only in mid of June.
Probabilité
Probable
Gravité
Très nuisible
Importance du risque
Risque élevé
Évaluation détaillée des risques nécessaire ?
Perspective des impacts
Estimer l’impact sur l’environnement
Milieu environnemental
Eau
Élément de l’activité
Capacity building of farmers and processors for increased sustainable production, including year-round production and performance
Impact sur l’environnement
Higher agricultural performance and year-round production will increase the demand for water resources.
Estimer l’impact sur les risques de catastrophe
Élément de l’activité
Improved income and productivity of smallholder horticulture
Nouveau risque ou risque accentué
More cycles of horticulture production may put pressure on the already stressed water resources in some places even more in some places. An integrated water resources management, based on surface & groundwater is needed, not to exacerbate the risk of future droughts.
Estimer l’impact sur les changements climatiques
Élément de l’activité
None
Commentaires
Massive deforestation in Cambodia is highly likely to be the root cause of the devastating change in the observed rainfall pattern. It is caused by legal (attribution of land concession to foreign companies, building of roads in forested area, etc…) and illegal logging.