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Construction of a water treatment plant and sewer system for the Guaqui town, Department of La Paz / Municipality of Guaqui

Resumen

Información general

Autor

Roberto Méndez

Última actualización

Junio 2018

Objetivo general

Improve the current living conditions of Guaqui´s inhabitants through the implementation of an appropriate sewage system, benefiting the overall population

País

  • Bolivia

Presupuesto

Bs. 7'000'000 (approximately USD 1'000'000)

Duración

September 2016 - July 2017 (approximately 10 months)

Resumen

Descripción

Due to the absence of a sewage treatment plant in the Guaqui town, wastewater is discharged directly to Lake Titicaca, causing serious water pollution. Through the construction of a sewage treatment plant, the water pollution will be reduced along with an improvement of the living conditions of the local population. As a result of frequent lake level flucuations, however, the sewage treatment plant might suffer negative impacts from flooding. In addition, frosts during the cold winter months can affect the plant's components such as (i) the sewage collection system and inspection chambers, (ii) emissary, (iii) pumping chamber, (iv) pressure pipe, (v) treatment plant, and (vi) infiltration ditches.

Términos clave

  • Wastewater treatment system
  • sewage collection system
  • emissary
  • water pumps
  • lake contamination
  • Bolivia
  • Floods
  • frosts

Sectores de Intervención

  • Salud
  • Turismo
  • Agua y saneamiento

Documentos

Imágenes

  • Project_LocationProject_Location
  • General_project_dataGeneral_project_data
  • LocationLocation
  • Coverage and extensionCoverage and extension
  • ComponentsComponents
  • Flood mapFlood map
  • Components and flood mapComponents and flood map
  • Hazard map - FrostsHazard map - Frosts
  • Guaqui picturesGuaqui pictures
  • InfrastructureInfrastructure
  • InfrastructureInfrastructure

Perspectiva del riesgo

Amenazas naturales (hidrometeorológicas y geológicas)

Nombre de la amenaza

Crecidas repentinas, inundaciones

Consecuencia

Due to extreme lake level fluctuations, the plant's components could be damaged and filled with sediments. The service would be interrupted. This happens in average every 15 years.

Grado

Sumamente perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Disconnected communities, increased pressure on soils and water resources, fragile incomes, relationship between municipality and Risk Management Unit, additional health risks

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo alto

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Capacity building in DRR for local communities
Puntuación (opcional) 3.40
Comentarios The local community has no experience in DRR and should be included in the steering mechanisms (social control)

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Strengthen operation and maintainance
Puntuación (opcional) 3.20
Comentarios DRR-related aspects were not considered for plant's operation and management

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Early warning system
Puntuación (opcional) 2.00
Comentarios It is vital to observe the lake level fluctuations as well as the river discharge

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida It is vital to observe the lake level fluctuations as well as the river discharge
Puntuación (opcional) 2.20
Comentarios Dykes to protect the plant's components

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Reduction of river discharge (river deviation)
Puntuación (opcional) 1.60
Comentarios Consider structural measures that permit the diversion of inflowing river water

Consecuencia

Due to flood events, the equipment can not be used and/or broken parts have to be replaced

Grado

Sumamente perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Skills: weak technical knowledge, replacement of spare parts, unsufficient access to credits and insurance solutions, lack of ownership of the municipality, emerging local markets and trade

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo alto

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Use of water-resistant, robust equipment
Puntuación (opcional) 1.80
Comentarios Consider extreme events

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Risk transfer measures (insurance solutions)
Puntuación (opcional) 2.20
Comentarios Taking into account the socio-economic situation of the municipality and the local population, a insurance solution could be appropriate

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Consecuencia

During a flood event, the wastewater could contaminate the river water and cause health problems for the local population. Due to the topography, contaminated water would flow into the lake and not to the urban zone.

Grado

Ligeramente perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Health: health education, social hygiene, health stations, health networks, unprotected water sources, precarious health situation

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo bajo

Nombre de la amenaza

Frío extremo

Consecuencia

Malfunction of the plant and drastic efficiency reduction of the oxidation basins. 90 to 180 days per year with frosts, 3835m a.s.l., average temperatures of 4°C , minimum temperatures -10°C (on average every 2 years)

Grado

Perjudicial

Vulnerabilidades

Operation and efficiency: communities with respiratory infections, lack of maintainance, low technical capacity, frequent interruption of service

Probabilidad

Probable

Importancia

Riesgo medio

Riesgo seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Change to appropriate materials
Puntuación (opcional) 2.40
Comentarios Identify materials that support extreme cold temperatures

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Heating system
Puntuación (opcional) 1.40
Comentarios Identify a technical solution that allows the plant's operation within the material's optimal temperature range (e.g. heating system)

Adapte su proyecto

Perspectiva del impacto

Impacto negativo en el medioambiente

Componente del proyecto

Water treatment plant (oxidation basins) and pumping chamber

Posible impacto negativo

Bad odors could disturb the surrounding population

Importancia Worsening of the quality of life for the local population and related health issues

Impacto seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Artificial cover of the oxidation basins
Puntuación (opcional) 2.00
Comentarios Prevents odor emissions

Medida seleccionada

Sí

Componente del proyecto

Location of the water treatment plant

Posible impacto negativo

Landscape changes due to the different construction sites

Importancia The water treatment plant could have an negative impact on the number of tourists visiting the Lake Titicaca region

Impacto seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Land use plan
Puntuación (opcional) 3.60
Comentarios The water treatment plant can be included in the plan as an element which improves the quality of stay for tourists

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Change of technology
Puntuación (opcional) 1.20
Comentarios It would mean substantial changes in the design of the project

Posible impacto negativo

The system will require large areas for construction

Importancia The project could have an negative influence on local environmental planning and increase the need for additional human ressources of the Guaqui Municipality

Impacto negativo en los riesgos de desastres

Componente del proyecto

Water treatment plant (oxidation basins)

Posible impacto negativo

New settlements around the plant in the future

Importancia Structural measures to protect the plant (e.g. through dams) could attract people and lead to new settlements in flood-prone areas

Impacto seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Security strips
Puntuación (opcional) 3.20
Comentarios To be included in the territorial plans

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Purchase of land in surroundings
Puntuación (opcional) 1.20
Comentarios Acquisition of land to avoid new settlements in flood-prone areas

Posible impacto negativo

Exposure of the Guaqui´s local population to greater risks from natural hazards and increase of vulnerability

Importancia The planned structural protection measures could lead of a shift of risks more towards the urban areas. Scientific studies estimate a medium risk for this development.

Impacto negativo en el cambio climático

Componente del proyecto

Water treatment plant (oxidation basins)

Posible impacto negativo

Greenhouse gas emissions from the oxidation basins

Importancia Taking into account the seize of the water treatment plant, high levels of GHG emissions can be expected. Even higher emissions are possible during a malfunction of the system

Impacto seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Artificial cover of the oxidation basins
Puntuación (opcional) 2.20
Comentarios Storage of gases and burning with appropriate technology

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Carbon sinks (afforestation)
Puntuación (opcional) 1.20
Comentarios Reforestation to compensate for GHG emissions

Posible impacto negativo

Emission of additional other gases by the water treatment system

Importancia According to studies, the risk of problems arising from additional gas emissions is low in our stuy area.

Componente del proyecto

Power systems of the plant

Posible impacto negativo

The generators of the different pumping systems run with diesel causing high emissions of GHG and black carbon

Importancia Taking into account the plant's increasing utlization (close to its limits), the pumping hours will increase in the future along with emissions of GHG and black carbon

Impacto seleccionado

Sí
Posible medida Use of alternative energies, energy generation through burning trapped gases from the oxidation basins
Puntuación (opcional) 1.60
Comentarios Strong winds in the study area (high potential for wind energy), and solar power

Medida seleccionada

Sí
Posible medida Connection to the national power supply system
Puntuación (opcional) 1.20
Comentarios This measure would imply the installation power supply lines over long distances

Adapte su proyecto